Currency reference

TRY

TRY (TRY) is linked in this release to TR. The latest ECB-derived reference value in this profile is 53.9386 TRY per EUR, dated 2026-07-29. Reference rates are informational averages published for statistical and accounting context; they are not live market quotes and should not be used as executable trading or payment prices. Historical values below retain their source date, allowing changes over 30, 90 and 365 days to be interpreted against the same EUR base.

1Countries Count

Key facts

Currency code
TRY
Symbol
TRY
Minor unit digits
2
Used in
TR
ECB reference base
EUR
Reference rate
53.9386
Rate date
2026-07-29

Reference conversion

Convert from TRY using cross-rates derived from the same EUR reference table dated 2026-07-29.

Informational reference conversion only; not a live trading or payment quote.

Reference-rate movement

Changes against EUR

Percentage changes use the nearest available ECB business-day observations.

1.39%30-day change
15.27%365-day change
2.01%90-day change

Historical reference data

EUR reference-rate history

Reference rates are informational and are not executable market prices.

Business Day indicator

EUR to TRY reference rate

53.9386 TRY per EUR2026-07-29

Units of TRY per euro from the ECB Data Portal reference-rate series Values retain the source period and unit. The chart and table show 500 evenly spaced observations from 7,059 stored values. Methodology.

Unit basis: units of TRY per euro

Comparability: Reference rates only; not executable market prices

Source status: Preserve ECB observation status and confidentiality flags

License reviewed: 2026-07-28

Revision cadence: weekly snapshot; ECB observations may be revised

View source data
PeriodTRY per EURSource flagConfidentiality
2026-07-2953.9386 TRY per EURAF
2026-07-0953.5410 TRY per EURAF
2026-06-1953.2587 TRY per EURAF
2026-06-0153.4483 TRY per EURAF
2026-05-1153.3860 TRY per EURAF
2026-04-2052.7784 TRY per EURAF
2026-03-2751.2001 TRY per EURAF
2026-03-0950.9394 TRY per EURAF
2026-02-1751.7114 TRY per EURAF
2026-01-2851.9846 TRY per EURAF
2026-01-0850.2588 TRY per EURAF
2025-12-1550.1840 TRY per EURAF
2025-11-2549.0072 TRY per EURAF
2025-11-0548.3717 TRY per EURAF
2025-10-1648.7549 TRY per EURAF
2025-09-2648.5202 TRY per EURAF
2025-09-0848.3955 TRY per EURAF
2025-08-1947.7320 TRY per EURAF
2025-07-2946.7946 TRY per EURAF
2025-07-0946.8489 TRY per EURAF
2025-06-1945.4054 TRY per EURAF
2025-05-3044.4954 TRY per EURAF
2025-05-1243.0602 TRY per EURAF
2025-04-1743.2604 TRY per EURAF
2025-03-2841.0387 TRY per EURAF
2025-03-0739.5792 TRY per EURAF
2025-02-1737.9484 TRY per EURAF
2025-01-2837.2705 TRY per EURAF
2025-01-0836.3952 TRY per EURAF
2024-12-1636.7034 TRY per EURAF
2024-11-2636.4491 TRY per EURAF
2024-11-0636.6357 TRY per EURAF
2024-10-1637.2788 TRY per EURAF
2024-09-2638.1022 TRY per EURAF
2024-09-0637.7388 TRY per EURAF
2024-08-1937.2418 TRY per EURAF
2024-07-3035.8199 TRY per EURAF
2024-07-1035.5705 TRY per EURAF
2024-06-2035.1725 TRY per EURAF
2024-05-3034.9038 TRY per EURAF
2024-05-1034.7431 TRY per EURAF
2024-04-1934.7304 TRY per EURAF
2024-03-2834.9487 TRY per EURAF
2024-03-0834.9441 TRY per EURAF
2024-02-1933.2640 TRY per EURAF
2024-01-3032.9283 TRY per EURAF
2024-01-0932.7533 TRY per EURAF
2023-12-1531.7965 TRY per EURAF
2023-11-2731.6571 TRY per EURAF
2023-11-0730.4546 TRY per EURAF
2023-10-1829.5920 TRY per EURAF
2023-09-2828.8951 TRY per EURAF
2023-09-0728.7347 TRY per EURAF
2023-08-1829.4535 TRY per EURAF
2023-07-3129.7126 TRY per EURAF
2023-07-1128.6897 TRY per EURAF
2023-06-2125.7343 TRY per EURAF
2023-06-0122.2520 TRY per EURAF
2023-05-1221.3588 TRY per EURAF
2023-04-2021.2348 TRY per EURAF
2023-03-2920.7500 TRY per EURAF
2023-03-0920.0026 TRY per EURAF
2023-02-1720.0478 TRY per EURAF
2023-01-3020.5063 TRY per EURAF
2023-01-1020.1356 TRY per EURAF
2022-12-2019.7744 TRY per EURAF
2022-11-2919.3181 TRY per EURAF
2022-11-0918.6728 TRY per EURAF
2022-10-2018.2257 TRY per EURAF
2022-09-3018.0841 TRY per EURAF
2022-09-1218.5232 TRY per EURAF
2022-08-2317.9830 TRY per EURAF
2022-08-0318.3112 TRY per EURAF
2022-07-1317.5629 TRY per EURAF
2022-06-2318.2199 TRY per EURAF
2022-06-0317.7380 TRY per EURAF
2022-05-1616.3121 TRY per EURAF
2022-04-2615.7944 TRY per EURAF
2022-04-0416.1830 TRY per EURAF
2022-03-1516.0968 TRY per EURAF
2022-02-2215.6959 TRY per EURAF
2022-02-0215.3011 TRY per EURAF
2022-01-1315.5744 TRY per EURAF
2021-12-2413.2402 TRY per EURAF
2021-12-0615.5642 TRY per EURAF
2021-11-1611.6020 TRY per EURAF
2021-10-2711.0173 TRY per EURAF
2021-10-0610.2802 TRY per EURAF
2021-09-169.9663 TRY per EURAF
2021-08-279.8809 TRY per EURAF
2021-08-0910.1679 TRY per EURAF
2021-07-2010.0664 TRY per EURAF
2021-06-3010.3210 TRY per EURAF
2021-06-1010.3284 TRY per EURAF
2021-05-2010.2114 TRY per EURAF
2021-04-309.9777 TRY per EURAF
2021-04-129.7038 TRY per EURAF
2021-03-198.6354 TRY per EURAF
2021-03-018.7175 TRY per EURAF
2021-02-098.5883 TRY per EURAF
2021-01-209.0111 TRY per EURAF
2020-12-299.0177 TRY per EURAF
2020-12-089.4870 TRY per EURAF
2020-11-189.1560 TRY per EURAF
2020-10-299.7418 TRY per EURAF
2020-10-099.3279 TRY per EURAF
2020-09-218.9710 TRY per EURAF
2020-09-018.8196 TRY per EURAF
2020-08-118.5410 TRY per EURAF
2020-07-227.9299 TRY per EURAF
2020-07-027.7368 TRY per EURAF
2020-06-127.7224 TRY per EURAF
2020-05-257.4352 TRY per EURAF
2020-05-057.6866 TRY per EURAF
2020-04-147.4472 TRY per EURAF
2020-03-206.9806 TRY per EURAF
2020-03-026.9253 TRY per EURAF
2020-02-116.5775 TRY per EURAF
2020-01-226.5673 TRY per EURAF
2020-01-026.6699 TRY per EURAF
2019-12-106.4300 TRY per EURAF
2019-11-206.3003 TRY per EURAF
2019-10-306.3615 TRY per EURAF
2019-10-106.4936 TRY per EURAF
2019-09-206.2894 TRY per EURAF
2019-09-026.3762 TRY per EURAF
2019-08-136.3141 TRY per EURAF
2019-07-246.3820 TRY per EURAF
2019-07-046.3237 TRY per EURAF
2019-06-136.6343 TRY per EURAF
2019-05-246.7988 TRY per EURAF
2019-05-066.7429 TRY per EURAF
2019-04-116.4724 TRY per EURAF
2019-03-226.2979 TRY per EURAF
2019-03-046.1023 TRY per EURAF
2019-02-125.9365 TRY per EURAF
2019-01-226.0750 TRY per EURAF
2019-01-026.1130 TRY per EURAF
2018-12-106.0499 TRY per EURAF
2018-11-206.1203 TRY per EURAF
2018-10-316.2255 TRY per EURAF
2018-10-116.9401 TRY per EURAF
2018-09-217.3935 TRY per EURAF
2018-08-317.6386 TRY per EURAF
2018-08-137.8651 TRY per EURAF
2018-07-245.7054 TRY per EURAF
2018-07-045.4692 TRY per EURAF
2018-06-145.4251 TRY per EURAF
2018-05-255.5153 TRY per EURAF
2018-05-075.0827 TRY per EURAF
2018-04-135.0411 TRY per EURAF
2018-03-224.8372 TRY per EURAF
2018-03-024.6998 TRY per EURAF
2018-02-124.6648 TRY per EURAF
2018-01-234.6295 TRY per EURAF
2018-01-034.5303 TRY per EURAF
2017-12-084.5165 TRY per EURAF
2017-11-204.6211 TRY per EURAF
2017-10-314.4164 TRY per EURAF
2017-10-114.3337 TRY per EURA—
2017-09-214.1776 TRY per EURA—
2017-09-014.0981 TRY per EURA—
2017-08-144.1568 TRY per EURA—
2017-07-244.1378 TRY per EURA—
2017-07-044.0377 TRY per EURA—
2017-06-143.9362 TRY per EURA—
2017-05-253.9967 TRY per EURA—
2017-05-053.9054 TRY per EURA—
2017-04-123.8965 TRY per EURA—
2017-03-233.9038 TRY per EURA—
2017-03-023.8972 TRY per EURA—
2017-02-103.9173 TRY per EURA—
2017-01-234.0574 TRY per EURA—
2017-01-033.7261 TRY per EURA—
2016-12-133.6953 TRY per EURA—
2016-11-233.5944 TRY per EURA—
2016-11-033.4431 TRY per EURA—
2016-10-133.4196 TRY per EURA—
2016-09-233.3059 TRY per EURA—
2016-09-053.2872 TRY per EURA—
2016-08-163.3045 TRY per EURA—
2016-07-273.3422 TRY per EURA—
2016-07-073.2468 TRY per EURA—
2016-06-173.2988 TRY per EURA—
2016-05-273.2928 TRY per EURA—
2016-05-093.3446 TRY per EURA—
2016-04-193.2136 TRY per EURA—
2016-03-303.2140 TRY per EURA—
2016-03-083.2180 TRY per EURA—
2016-02-173.2961 TRY per EURA—
2016-01-283.2485 TRY per EURA—
2016-01-073.2791 TRY per EURA—
2015-12-163.2416 TRY per EURA—
2015-11-263.0870 TRY per EURA—
2015-11-063.1294 TRY per EURA—
2015-10-193.2849 TRY per EURA—
2015-09-293.4030 TRY per EURA—
2015-09-093.3633 TRY per EURA—
2015-08-193.2243 TRY per EURA—
2015-07-303.0472 TRY per EURA—
2015-07-102.9796 TRY per EURA—
2015-06-223.0408 TRY per EURA—
2015-06-022.9556 TRY per EURA—
2015-05-132.9744 TRY per EURA—
2015-04-222.9145 TRY per EURA—
2015-03-302.8265 TRY per EURA—
2015-03-102.8375 TRY per EURA—
2015-02-182.7940 TRY per EURA—
2015-01-292.7267 TRY per EURA—
2015-01-092.7154 TRY per EURA—
2014-12-172.9330 TRY per EURA—
2014-11-272.7664 TRY per EURA—
2014-11-062.8020 TRY per EURA—
2014-10-172.8817 TRY per EURA—
2014-09-292.9047 TRY per EURA—
2014-09-092.8371 TRY per EURA—
2014-08-202.8866 TRY per EURA—
2014-07-312.8551 TRY per EURA—
2014-07-112.8856 TRY per EURA—
2014-06-202.9121 TRY per EURA—
2014-06-022.8543 TRY per EURA—
2014-05-132.8393 TRY per EURA—
2014-04-222.9568 TRY per EURA—
2014-03-312.9693 TRY per EURA—
2014-03-113.0859 TRY per EURA—
2014-02-193.0102 TRY per EURA—
2014-01-293.0445 TRY per EURA—
2014-01-092.9745 TRY per EURA—
2013-12-172.8055 TRY per EURA—
2013-11-272.7499 TRY per EURA—
2013-11-072.7102 TRY per EURA—
2013-10-182.6903 TRY per EURA—
2013-09-302.7510 TRY per EURA—
2013-09-092.6955 TRY per EURA—
2013-08-202.6091 TRY per EURA—
2013-07-312.5623 TRY per EURA—
2013-07-112.5359 TRY per EURA—
2013-06-212.5515 TRY per EURA—
2013-06-032.4605 TRY per EURA—
2013-05-142.3506 TRY per EURA—
2013-04-222.3515 TRY per EURA—
2013-04-022.3170 TRY per EURA—
2013-03-112.3438 TRY per EURA—
2013-02-192.3720 TRY per EURA—
2013-01-302.3959 TRY per EURA—
2013-01-102.3275 TRY per EURA—
2012-12-182.3476 TRY per EURA—
2012-11-272.3240 TRY per EURA—
2012-11-072.2713 TRY per EURA—
2012-10-182.3570 TRY per EURA—
2012-09-282.3203 TRY per EURA—
2012-09-102.3025 TRY per EURA—
2012-08-212.2334 TRY per EURA—
2012-07-312.1990 TRY per EURA—
2012-07-112.2191 TRY per EURA—
2012-06-212.2735 TRY per EURA—
2012-06-012.3048 TRY per EURA—
2012-05-142.3250 TRY per EURA—
2012-04-232.3570 TRY per EURA—
2012-03-302.3774 TRY per EURA—
2012-03-092.3493 TRY per EURA—
2012-02-202.3094 TRY per EURA—
2012-01-312.3330 TRY per EURA—
2012-01-112.3671 TRY per EURA—
2011-12-212.4594 TRY per EURA—
2011-12-012.4718 TRY per EURA—
2011-11-112.4283 TRY per EURA—
2011-10-212.5513 TRY per EURA—
2011-10-032.4885 TRY per EURA—
2011-09-132.4280 TRY per EURA—
2011-08-242.5665 TRY per EURA—
2011-08-042.4567 TRY per EURA—
2011-07-152.3344 TRY per EURA—
2011-06-272.3352 TRY per EURA—
2011-06-062.3102 TRY per EURA—
2011-05-172.2484 TRY per EURA—
2011-04-272.2329 TRY per EURA—
2011-04-052.1721 TRY per EURA—
2011-03-162.2126 TRY per EURA—
2011-02-242.2132 TRY per EURA—
2011-02-042.1736 TRY per EURA—
2011-01-142.0730 TRY per EURA—
2010-12-272.0356 TRY per EURA—
2010-12-071.9714 TRY per EURA—
2010-11-171.9691 TRY per EURA—
2010-10-281.9869 TRY per EURA—
2010-10-081.9782 TRY per EURA—
2010-09-201.9562 TRY per EURA—
2010-08-301.9297 TRY per EURA—
2010-08-101.9696 TRY per EURA—
2010-07-211.9586 TRY per EURA—
2010-07-011.9552 TRY per EURA—
2010-06-111.9150 TRY per EURA—
2010-05-241.9488 TRY per EURA—
2010-05-041.9704 TRY per EURA—
2010-04-132.0217 TRY per EURA—
2010-03-222.0884 TRY per EURA—
2010-03-022.0793 TRY per EURA—
2010-02-102.0791 TRY per EURA—
2010-01-212.0778 TRY per EURA—
2009-12-312.1547 TRY per EURA—
2009-12-102.2020 TRY per EURA—
2009-11-192.2165 TRY per EURA—
2009-10-302.2110 TRY per EURA—
2009-10-122.1595 TRY per EURA—
2009-09-222.1882 TRY per EURA—
2009-09-022.1512 TRY per EURA—
2009-08-132.1056 TRY per EURA—
2009-07-242.1100 TRY per EURA—
2009-07-032.1480 TRY per EURA—
2009-06-152.1438 TRY per EURA—
2009-05-262.1709 TRY per EURA—
2009-05-062.0930 TRY per EURA—
2009-04-152.1162 TRY per EURA—
2009-03-242.2415 TRY per EURA—
2009-03-042.1708 TRY per EURA—
2009-02-112.1222 TRY per EURA—
2009-01-222.1454 TRY per EURA—
2009-01-022.1380 TRY per EURA—
2008-12-102.0280 TRY per EURA—
2008-11-202.1354 TRY per EURA—
2008-10-311.9906 TRY per EURA—
2008-10-131.9216 TRY per EURA—
2008-09-221.8096 TRY per EURA—
2008-09-021.7248 TRY per EURA—
2008-08-131.7583 TRY per EURA—
2008-07-241.8883 TRY per EURA—
2008-07-041.9372 TRY per EURA—
2008-06-161.9231 TRY per EURA—
2008-05-271.9677 TRY per EURA—
2008-05-061.9524 TRY per EURA—
2008-04-152.0828 TRY per EURA—
2008-03-261.9845 TRY per EURA—
2008-03-041.8482 TRY per EURA—
2008-02-131.7545 TRY per EURA—
2008-01-241.7525 TRY per EURA—
2008-01-041.7107 TRY per EURA—
2007-12-111.7175 TRY per EURA—
2007-11-211.7861 TRY per EURA—
2007-11-011.6998 TRY per EURA—
2007-10-121.6956 TRY per EURA—
2007-09-241.7297 TRY per EURA—
2007-09-041.7760 TRY per EURA—
2007-08-151.8085 TRY per EURA—
2007-07-251.7100 TRY per EURA—
2007-07-051.7664 TRY per EURA—
2007-06-151.7608 TRY per EURA—
2007-05-281.7826 TRY per EURA—
2007-05-081.8190 TRY per EURA—
2007-04-171.8371 TRY per EURA—
2007-03-231.8479 TRY per EURA—
2007-03-051.9049 TRY per EURA—
2007-02-131.8270 TRY per EURA—
2007-01-241.8368 TRY per EURA—
2007-01-041.8580 TRY per EURA—
2006-12-121.8879 TRY per EURA—
2006-11-221.8940 TRY per EURA—
2006-11-011.8575 TRY per EURA—
2006-10-121.8574 TRY per EURA—
2006-09-221.9618 TRY per EURA—
2006-09-041.8720 TRY per EURA—
2006-08-151.8680 TRY per EURA—
2006-07-261.9138 TRY per EURA—
2006-07-062.0176 TRY per EURA—
2006-06-152.0055 TRY per EURA—
2006-05-261.9735 TRY per EURA—
2006-05-081.6865 TRY per EURA—
2006-04-131.6350 TRY per EURA—
2006-03-241.6149 TRY per EURA—
2006-03-061.5748 TRY per EURA—
2006-02-141.5780 TRY per EURA—
2006-01-241.6220 TRY per EURA—
2006-01-041.6145 TRY per EURA—
2005-12-141.6150 TRY per EURA—
2005-11-241.6014 TRY per EURA—
2005-11-041.6096 TRY per EURA—
2005-10-171.6381 TRY per EURA—
2005-09-271.6150 TRY per EURA—
2005-09-061.6630 TRY per EURA—
2005-08-171.6740 TRY per EURA—
2005-07-281.6172 TRY per EURA—
2005-07-081.6050 TRY per EURA—
2005-06-201.6609 TRY per EURA—
2005-05-311.6748 TRY per EURA—
2005-05-111.7636 TRY per EURA—
2005-04-201.7730 TRY per EURA—
2005-03-311.7572 TRY per EURA—
2005-03-091.7070 TRY per EURA—
2005-02-171.7116 TRY per EURA—
2005-01-281.7377 TRY per EURA—
2005-01-101.8155 TRY per EURA—
2004-12-211.8620 TRY per EURA—
2004-11-301.8998 TRY per EURA—
2004-11-101.8878 TRY per EURA—
2004-10-211.8710 TRY per EURA—
2004-10-011.8704 TRY per EURA—
2004-09-131.8390 TRY per EURA—
2004-08-241.8328 TRY per EURA—
2004-08-041.7824 TRY per EURA—
2004-07-141.7744 TRY per EURA—
2004-06-241.8029 TRY per EURA—
2004-06-041.8336 TRY per EURA—
2004-05-171.8447 TRY per EURA—
2004-04-271.6850 TRY per EURA—
2004-04-051.5863 TRY per EURA—
2004-03-161.6281 TRY per EURA—
2004-02-241.6703 TRY per EURA—
2004-02-041.6700 TRY per EURA—
2004-01-151.6910 TRY per EURA—
2003-12-231.7715 TRY per EURA—
2003-12-031.7647 TRY per EURA—
2003-11-131.7286 TRY per EURA—
2003-10-241.7470 TRY per EURA—
2003-10-031.6280 TRY per EURA—
2003-09-151.5500 TRY per EURA—
2003-08-261.5060 TRY per EURA—
2003-08-061.6030 TRY per EURA—
2003-07-171.5570 TRY per EURA—
2003-06-271.6300 TRY per EURA—
2003-06-091.6590 TRY per EURA—
2003-05-191.7370 TRY per EURA—
2003-04-281.7490 TRY per EURA—
2003-04-041.7770 TRY per EURA—
2003-03-171.8240 TRY per EURA—
2003-02-251.7430 TRY per EURA—
2003-02-051.7920 TRY per EURA—
2003-01-161.7570 TRY per EURA—
2002-12-231.7000 TRY per EURA—
2002-12-031.5300 TRY per EURA—
2002-11-131.6470 TRY per EURA—
2002-10-241.6300 TRY per EURA—
2002-10-041.6130 TRY per EURA—
2002-09-161.6210 TRY per EURA—
2002-08-271.5980 TRY per EURA—
2002-08-061.5970 TRY per EURA—
2002-07-171.6720 TRY per EURA—
2002-06-271.5670 TRY per EURA—
2002-06-071.3710 TRY per EURA—
2002-05-201.3200 TRY per EURA—
2002-04-291.2050 TRY per EURA—
2002-04-091.1440 TRY per EURA—
2002-03-151.1970 TRY per EURA—
2002-02-251.2080 TRY per EURA—
2002-02-051.1370 TRY per EURA—
2002-01-161.2130 TRY per EURA—
2001-12-211.3230 TRY per EURA—
2001-12-031.3370 TRY per EURA—
2001-11-131.3830 TRY per EURA—
2001-10-231.4300 TRY per EURA—
2001-10-031.4540 TRY per EURA—
2001-09-131.3360 TRY per EURA—
2001-08-241.3430 TRY per EURA—
2001-08-061.1870 TRY per EURA—
2001-07-171.2770 TRY per EURA—
2001-06-261.0930 TRY per EURA—
2001-06-061.0059 TRY per EURA—
2001-05-170.9830 TRY per EURA—
2001-04-261.1167 TRY per EURA—
2001-04-041.1047 TRY per EURA—
2001-03-150.9298 TRY per EURA—
2001-02-231.0528 TRY per EURA—
2001-02-020.6342 TRY per EURA—
2001-01-150.6311 TRY per EURA—
2000-12-210.6146 TRY per EURA—
2000-12-010.6004 TRY per EURA—
2000-11-130.5877 TRY per EURA—
2000-10-240.5732 TRY per EURA—
2000-10-040.5850 TRY per EURA—
2000-09-130.5754 TRY per EURA—
2000-08-240.5844 TRY per EURA—
2000-08-040.5800 TRY per EURA—
2000-07-170.5879 TRY per EURA—
2000-06-270.5847 TRY per EURA—
2000-06-070.5842 TRY per EURA—
2000-05-180.5549 TRY per EURA—
2000-04-260.5581 TRY per EURA—
2000-04-040.5631 TRY per EURA—
2000-03-150.5581 TRY per EURA—
2000-02-240.5598 TRY per EURA—
2000-02-040.5505 TRY per EURA—
2000-01-170.5523 TRY per EURA—
1999-12-270.5451 TRY per EURA—
1999-12-060.5286 TRY per EURA—
1999-11-160.5164 TRY per EURA—
1999-10-270.5067 TRY per EURA—
1999-10-070.4980 TRY per EURA—
1999-09-170.4779 TRY per EURA—
1999-08-300.4677 TRY per EURA—
1999-08-100.4645 TRY per EURA—
1999-07-200.4466 TRY per EURA—
1999-06-300.4349 TRY per EURA—
1999-06-100.4301 TRY per EURA—
1999-05-210.4237 TRY per EURA—
1999-05-030.4153 TRY per EURA—
1999-04-130.4084 TRY per EURA—
1999-03-240.4009 TRY per EURA—
1999-03-030.3893 TRY per EURA—
1999-02-110.3849 TRY per EURA—
1999-01-220.3782 TRY per EURA—
1999-01-040.3723 TRY per EURA—

Field-level provenance

Sources for this profile

Dates and licenses apply to the specific facts and series supplied by each source.

Reference data can change. Verify consequential decisions against the original source.